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    2016 S1

    2016 S1

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    Speed as well as accuracy is important in this section. Work quickly, or you might not finish the paper. There are no penalties for incorrect responses, only marks for correct answers, so you should attempt all 50 questions. Each question is worth one mark.

    You must complete the answers within the time limit. Calculators are NOT permitted.

    Good Luck!

    We need to accept flooding as a regular occurrence in the UK. Statistics show that days of ‘extreme rain’ (very heavy rainfall) have become more common since 1960, moving from one in a hundred days on average in the 1960s to one in seventy days in 2015. The apparent trend mirrors increases in extreme rain seen in other parts of the world. Countries such as India and China expect and prepare for this, but in the UK we have to change our thinking and plan our infrastructure to cope with it. The damage caused to homes and businesses as well as the risk of injury and death through flooding are very significant. Scientists say that, as the world has warmed by 0.7 °C, the atmosphere is able to hold 4% more moisture, which means more potential rain.

    1. Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the argument in the above passage?
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    Explanation

    The correct answer is D.

    The main conclusion is given by the fourth sentence of the passage. You may think answer A is implied in the fourth sentence, however A refers to an event in the past (‘The UK has been underprepared’) and the passage only alludes to future flood risk. Answer B is implied by the first clause in the fourth sentence, however the second clause of the same sentence suggest these countries are being used to emphasise answer D. The final sentence refers to global warming, but this is given as evidence to support that there will be regular flooding and does not mention politics, eliminating C. The final sentence tells us that the temperature has already risen, but gives no indication that this is to continue into the future, eliminating E.

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